Operations
Similar to structures commonly used by other shipping companies, Frontline's vessels are all owned by, or chartered to, separate subsidiaries or associated companies. Frontline Management AS ("Frontline Management"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, supports the Company in the implementation of its decisions. Frontline Management is responsible for the commercial management of Frontline's shipowning subsidiaries, including chartering and insurance. Each vessel owned by the Company is registered under Bahamas, Liberian, Singaporean, Norwegian or Panamanian flag.
Frontline has a strategy of extensive outsourcing. Ship management, crewing and accounting services are provided by a number of independent and competing ship management companies.
- Frontline's vessels are managed by independent ship management companies. Pursuant to management agreements, each of the independent ship management companies provide operations, ship maintenance, crewing, technical support, shipyard supervision and related services to Frontline. A central part of Frontline's strategy is to benchmark operational performance and cost level amongst the Company's ship managers.
- Independent ship managers provide crewing for Frontline's vessels. Currently, most vessels are crewed with full Russian crews, while others have full Indian or full Filipino crews, or combinations of these nationalities.
- The accounting management services for each of the shipowning subsidiaries of Frontline are provided by the ship managers.
